油价或将迎来调整英文-油价又将调整,即将调整的时间是?

2024-12-18 10:56:02

In 2008, the year on the international oil price has experienced the culmination of the past five years and the lowest. Sinopec performance in this dramatic fluctuations in the climax after another is risky. Which revealed a lot of China's petrochemical enterprises in the face of fluctuations in international oil prices immature at the time of the facts. The impact of oil prices on the national economy has a special transmission mechanism. In general, the first oil shock will have a national impact on the petrochemical industry, and then transfer to other industries. The petrochemical industry is China's basic industries, with infiltration of a wide range of characteristics wide spread. Petrochemical industry, therefore the degree of impact will determine the extent of the impact of the national economy. Sinopec is an integrated upstream and downstream energy and chemical companies in China's national economy has an important strategic position. It is because of China Petrochemical has a special status, research and analysis in the oil price impact on China's economy and other issues, the study of oil price impact on China's Sinopec has become very necessary. In this paper, economics, statistical theory and methods, through the time series analysis, correlation analysis of econometric models as the basis of variable oil prices, the 2006-2008 three-year period, Sinopec's operating results have been compared and analyzed. Sinopec to explore oil on the impact of business performance. Explore how changes in oil prices to China to avoid the negative impact of the petrochemical. Improve the dynamic changes in the face of oil prices.

Key words: oil, Sinopec, results of operations, time-series prediction

求，英语高手，帮我翻译下这段较为专业的文字，在线等！

Part Three

部分三

Cars account for half the oil consumed in the U.S.,about half the urban pollution and one fourth the greenhouse gases.

美国大约一半的石油消耗，一班的城市污染和四分之一的温室气体排放来自于汽车。

They take a similar toll of resources in other industrial nations and in the cities of the developing world.

他们采取和其他工业国家和发展中国家相似的资源收费标准。

As vehicle use continues to increase in the coming decade,the U.S. and other countries will have to deal with these issues or else face unacceptable economic,health-relaed and political costs.

随着在未来十年间车辆使用不断增加，，美国和其他国家将不得不处理这些问题，或者面对无法接受的经济，卫生政治损失。

It is unlikely that oil prices will remain at their current low level or that other nations will accept a large and growing U.S. contribution to global calumniation to global change.

石油价格将保持其当前的低水平，或其他国家会接受美国对全球环境与日剧增的影响，是不太可能的。

Policymakers and industry have four options:

决策者和工业有4个选择：

reduce vehicle use,increase the efficiency and reduce the emissions of conventional gasoline-powered vehicles,switch to less harmful fuels,or find less polluting driving systems.

减少汽车的使用，提高工作效率和减少传统汽油车辆的排放量，更换到危害较小的燃料，或研制出污染较少的驾驶系统中。

The last of these-in particular the introduction of vehicles powered by electricity—is ultimately the only sstainable option.

最后这些-尤其是引入电能驱动汽车最终将是唯一的可持续方案。

The others alternatives are attractive in theory but in practice are either impractial or offer only marginal improvements.

其他替代品在理论有吸引力，但在实践中不是不实际就是只能带来微笑的改变。

For example,reduced vehicle use could solve traffic problems and a host of social and encironmental problems,but evidence from around the world suggests that it is very difficult to make people give up their cars to any significant extent.

例如，减少车辆使用，可以解决交通问题和诸多社会和环境问题，但来自世界各地的证据表明，使大部分人们放弃他们的车是非常困难的。

In the U.S.,mass-transit and carpooling have declined since World War II. Ecen in westrn Europe,with fuel prices averaging more than ＄1 a liter (about ＄4 a gallon) and with easily accessible mass transit and dense populations,cars still account for 80 percent of all pass enger travel.

在美国，大规模运输和合伙用车自二次世界大战以后有所下降.即使在西欧，随着燃油价格达到平均元以上1升（约400加仑）和方便的大规模运输和高密度的人口，汽车仍占所有通过运输旅行的80 ％。

Improved energy efficiency is also appealing,but automotive fuel economy has barely made any progress in 10 years. Alternative fuels fuels such as natural gas,burned in internal-combustion engines,could be introduced at relatively low cost,but they would lead to only marginal reductions in pollution and greenhouse emissions(especially because oil companies are already spending billions of dollars of dollars every year to develop less polluting types of gasoline).

提高能源效率亦是十分诱人，但汽车的燃油经济性在10年里几乎没有取得任何进展。替代燃料如天然气，在内部内燃机燃烧，可以引入相对较低的价格，但他们只能带来污染和温室气体排放量的有限的减少（尤其是因为石油公司已每年花费数十亿美元来发展污染较少型的汽油）。

这里每一句话都是我的心血啊，一定要加分啊~~~~~~

急求船务英文专业术语及常用交流的英文短语

An Analysis of the Impact on the Oil Prices By the Petroleum Trade Between China and the Middle-east Countries.

Abstract:

As a country with a rapidly developing economy, it is needless to say that China has a great demand for energy. This demand must be met in order to maintain the on-going rapid economic growth; particularly, the demand for petroleum which is the blood of industries and its importance is irreplaceable. In short, China’s petroleum issue is a grave problem curbing its economic growth, while the prices of refined oil are closely linked with the petroleum trade. By describing China’s petroleum trade with the Middle-east countries and its impact on the oil prices, as well as how to reduce the dependence on imported oil, this paper interprets from these aspects, the relationship between China-Middle East petroleum trade and the domestic oil prices; and hopes to contribute its share of efforts in the economic growth of China.

求国际贸易中英文邮件中常见的英文缩写

ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定 Asia NorthAmerica EastboundRate

B组

BAF（燃油附加费）：BUNKER ADJUSTMENT FACTOR

BAF 燃油附加费，大多数航线都有，但标准不一。

BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker AdjustmentFactor

B/L（提单）：BILL OF LADING

B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading

B/L （bill of lading)提单

B/R 买价 Buying Rate

C组（主要运费已付）

CFR 成本加运费（……指定目的港）

CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价

C&F（成本加运费）：COST AND FREIGHT

C&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHT

CIF 成本、保险费加运费付至（……指定目的港）

CIF 成本，保险加海运费 COST，INSURANCE，FRIGHT

CIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

FOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARD

CPT 运费付至（……指定目的港）

CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To

CIP 运费、保险费付至（……指定目的地）

CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid To

CY/CY 整柜交货（起点/终点）

C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard

CY（码头）：CONTAINER YARD

CFS（场）：CARGO FREIGHT STATION

C/D (customs declaration)报关单

C．C．（运费到付）：COLLECT

C.C 运费到付 Collect

CNTR NO. （柜号）：CONTAINER NUMBER

C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证

CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱

C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge

C/(CNEE) 收货人 Consignee

C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin

CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor

CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station

CFS/CFS 散装交货（起点/终点）

CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker

COMM 商品 Commodity

CTNR 柜子 Container

D组（到达）

DAF 边境交货（……指定地点）

DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontier

DES 目的港船上交货（……指定目的港）

DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship

DEQ 目的港码头交货（……指定目的港）

DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay

DDU 未完税交货（……指定目的地）

DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid

DDP 完税后交货（……指定目的地）

DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid

DDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用

DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge

DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

D/P(document against payment)付款交单

D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment

DOC (document)文件、单据

DOC（文件费）：DOCUMENT CHARGE

Doc# 文件号码 Document Number

D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单

D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order

E组（发货）

EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点）

Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactory

ETA（到港日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF ARRIVAL

ETD（开船日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF DELIVERY

ETC（截关日）：ESTIMATED TIME OF CLOSING

EBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式，EBS一般是澳洲航线使用， EBA一般是非洲航线、中南美航线使用

EXP（export)出口

EA(each)每个，各

EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges

F组（主要运费未付）

FCA 货交承运人（……指定地点）

FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier

FAS 船边交货（……指定装运港）

FOB 船上交货（……指定装运港）

FOB 船上交货 Free On Board

FOB （离岸价）：FREE ON BOARD

CIF（成本运费加保险，俗称“到岸价”）：COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT

FCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD

FCL 整柜 Full Container Load

LCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD

FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用）

FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactor

FAC(facsimile)传真

Form A ---产地证（贸易公司）

F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder

FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind

FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship

Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次

FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’

FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission

FIO是FREE IN AND OUT的意思，指船公司不付装船和卸船费用

FIOST条款,指船公司不负责装,卸,平舱,理舱

FI是FREE IN的意思，指船公司不付装

FO是FREE OUT的意思，同理指船公司不付卸

G组

GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用

GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncrease

G.W.(gross weight)毛重

N.W.(net weight)净重

G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制

H组

HB/L（货代提单）：HOUSE BILL OF LADING

HBL 子提单 House B/L

H/C 代理费 Handling Charge

I 组

IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用

INT（international)国际的

INV (invoice)发票

IMP(import)进口

I/S 内销售 Inside Sales

IA 各别调价 Independent Action

J 组

JP---代表“日元”

L组

FCL（整箱货）：FULL CONTAINER CARGO LOAD

LCL（拼箱货）：LESS THAN ONECONTAINER CARGO LOAD

LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container Load

L/C （letter of credit)信用证

L/C 信用证 Letter of Credit

Land Bridge 陆桥

M 组

MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of Loading

MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度

M/V（merchant vessel)商船

MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨

M/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费） Measurement Ton

MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的

M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的

MLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口 Minni Land Bridge

Mother Vessel 主线船

MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport Document

N组

NOVCC（无船承运人）：NON VESSEL OPRERATING COMMON CARRIER

NVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel OperatingCommon Carrier

N.W.(net weight)净重

N/F 通知人 Notify

O组

O/F 海运费 Ocean Freight

O/F（海运费）：OCEAN FREIGHT

ORC（广东地区原产地收货费）：ORIGINAL RECEIVING CHARGE

OB/L（海运提单）：OCEAN BILL OF LADING

OBL 海运提单 Ocean (or original )B/L

ORC 本地出口附加费，和SPS类似，一般在华南地区使用

ORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取） Origen Recevie Charges

OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overland Continental Point

OP 操作 Operation

P组

POD 目地港 Port Of Destination

POL 装运港 Port Of Loading

PSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season Sucharges

PSS（旺季附加费）：PEAK CEASON SURCHARGE

PSS 旺季附加费，大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用

REF （reference)参考、查价

RMB（renminbi)人民币

PR或PRC(price) 价格

P/P（运费预付）：FREIGHT PREPAID

P.P 预付 Prepaid

PCS 港口拥挤附加费，一般是以色列、印度某些港口及中南美航线使用

PCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge

PTF 巴拿马运河附加费，美国航线、中南美航线使用

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等

PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等

P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表

PCT (percent)百分比

PUR (purchase)购买、购货

S组

S/O（订舱单）：SHIPPING ORDER

S/O 装货指示书 Shipping Order

SEAL NO. （铅封号）

S/C（sales contract)销售确认书

S/C 售货合同 Sales Contract

SC 服务合同 Service Contract

STL.(style)式样、款式、类型

SPS 上海港口附加费（船挂上港九区、十区）

S.S(steamship)船运

S/M （shipping marks)装船标记

S/(Shpr) 发货人 Shipper

S/R 卖价 Selling Rate

S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet

SSL 船公司 Steam Ship Line

SDR special drawing rights 特别提款权

T组

THC（码头费）：TERMINAL HANDLING CHARGE

THC 码头操作费（香港收取) Terminal Handling Charges

T/T（电汇）：TELEGRAM TRANSIT

T/T 航程 Transit Time

T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇

T.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations Option

T.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving Charge

T/S 转船，转运 Trans-Ship

TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ Rate

TEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’

TTL 总共 Total

T或LTX或TX(telex)电传

V组

VESSEL/VOYAGE（船名/航次）

VOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common Carrier

W组

W (with)具有

WT(weight)重量

W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight Ton

w/o(without)没有

W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 Weight or Measurement ton

Y组

YAS 日元升值附加费（日本航线专用）

YAS 码头附加费 Yard Surcharges

ebs（燃油附加费）在哪些国家要收取

国际贸易术语英文缩写

A/W 全水路 All Water

B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading

B/R 买价 Buying Rate

BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker Adjustment Factor

C&F 成本加(海)运费 Cost and Freight

C.C 运费到付 Collect

C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge

C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard

C/（CNEE）收货人 Consignee

C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin

CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor

CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station

CFS/CFS 散装交货（起点/终点）

CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker

CIF 成本，保险加海运费 Cost，Insurance，Freight

CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid To

COMM 商品 Commodity

CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To

CTNR 柜子 Container

CY/CY 整柜交货（起点/终点）

D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance

D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order

D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment

D/R 场站收据 DOCK RECEIPT

DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontie

DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge

DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid

DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid

DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay

DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship

Doc# 文件号码 Document Number

EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges

Ex 工厂交货 Work/Ex Factory

F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder

FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用） Fuel Adjustment Factor

FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind

FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship

FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier

FCL 整柜 Full Container Load

Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次

FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’

FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission

FOB 船上交货 Free On Board

GRI 全面涨价 General Rate Increase

H/C 代理费 Handling Charge

HBL 子提单 House B/L

I/S 内销售 Inside Sales

IA 各别调价 Independent Action

L/C 信用证 Letter of Credit

Land Bridge 陆桥

LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container Load

M/T 尺码吨（即货物收费以尺码计费） Measurement Ton

MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of Loadin

MLB 小陆桥，自一港到另一港口 Minni Land Bridge

Mother Vessel 主线船

MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport Document

N/F 通知人 Notify

NVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier

O/F 海运费 Ocean Freight

OBL 海运提单 Ocean （or Oiginal ）B/L

OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overland Continental Point

OP 操作 Operation

ORC 本地收货费用（广东省收取） Origen Recevie Charges

P.P 预付 Prepaid

PCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge

POD 目地港 Port of Destination

POL 装运港 Port of Loadin

PSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season Surcharges

S/（Shpr）发货人 Shipper

S/C 售货合同 Sales Contract

S/O 装货指示书 Shipping Order

S/R 卖价 Selling Rate

S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet

SC 服务合同 Service Contract

SSL 船公司 Steam Ship Line

T.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations Option

T.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving Charge

T/S 转船，转运 Transit-Ship

T/T 航程 Transit Time

TEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’

THC 码头操作费（香港收取） Terminal Handling Charges

TTL 总共 Totals

TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ Rate

VOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common Carrier

W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 Weight or Measurement ton

W/T 重量吨（即货物收费以重量计费） Weight Ton

YAS 码头附加费 Yard SurchargQ

你先参考着，不够你再说话，希望可以帮到你。

ebs是指燃油附加费的意思，但是根据航线不同，ebs费用标准也有所不同。因此，做对外贸易企业，对ebs费用问题需要引起重视。

ebs含义 ebs的英文全称为：Emerent Buker Surchanges，中文意思是：紧急燃油附加费。紧急燃油附加费（EBS）以人民币为计费单位，按每个TEU单位收取费用。这个费用一般预付，在东南亚、台湾、澳洲、近洋航线多有收取。

对于紧急燃油附加费（EBS）的征收，本质上是船公司根据国际原油和成品油价格的波动为平衡船舶航行增加的额外燃油成本而收取的一项费用。

ebs费用什么情况下收取做FOB需要支付ebs费用？事实上是不需要，ebs是海运费的一个附加费，不属于FOB当地费用，当客户做FOB时是不需要支付ebs费用。但是，目前一些船公司由于无法跟客户收到本费用，于是将ebs费用转嫁到FOB客户上，如果客户遇到船公司或者货代要求收ebs费用时，可尽量与客户协商，要求客户承担ebs费用。此外，与客户协商好，ebs费用一般可以预付，可以到付。

目前深圳和上海港口去东南亚地区都增加EBS费用

EBS费用目前深圳的收费标准是：RMB900/20GP; RMB1800/40GP,40HQ (即：RMB900/TUE)

EBS费用目前上海的收费标准是：RMB900/20GP; RMB1800/40GP,40HQ (即：RMB900/TUE)

除此之外，常见的还有下面一些收费标准：

1、PSS 旺季附加费，大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用

2、SPS 上海港口附加费（船挂上港九区、十区）

3、FAF 燃油价调整附加费（日本航线专用）

4、YAS 日元升值附加费（日本航线专用）

5、GRI 综合费率上涨附加费，一般是南美航线、美国航线使用

6、DDC、IAC 直航附加费，美加航线使用，目的港收取，做CIF的时候，一定要注明DDC COLLECT

7、IFA 临时燃油附加费，某些航线临时使用

8、PTF 巴拿马运河附加费，美国航线、中南美航线使用