油价或将迎来调整时间英文表达-油价调整时期

纽约:经济危机殃及餐饮业

New York's vaunted restaurant scene is in for some lean times, according to the newest Zagat survey released on Tuesday, with price hikes coming at a time when diners say they are eating out less often and spending less in the face of dire economic conditions.

"Restaurants are clearly feeling the pinch from the economic crisis," said Tim Zagat, founder of the survey now in its 30th year which bases its food, decor and service ratings for some 2,000 restaurants on feedback from restaurant patrons.

But he added that the industry would weather the hard times, just as it did following the 1987 stock market crash and the September 11 attacks.

The pullback was not limited to diners, either, the survey found. Restaurant openings declined for the first time since 2003, down to 119 from last year's 163, and 187 just three years ago.

Nearly 40 percent of the survey's 38,000-plus respondents said they were coping with the shaky economy by eating out less often, and by patronizing less expensive restaurants.

All this in a year in which Zagat found prices up 3.3 percent, or far more than the one percent annual hike that prevailed over the past six years. High-end diners were hit even harder, with a nearly 10 percent tab increase.

The average tab in New York was $40.78, still less than the steepest US total of $44.44 in Las Vegas, and far behind other world capitals such as Paris, Tokyo, and even Toronto.

The bracing findings were one explanation for a spate of new burger, pizza and barbecue places that popped up this year, the survey noted. Even celebrity chefs such as Alain Ducasse and Jean-Georges Vongerichten opened bistros or noodle shops.

Any good news mostly centered around establishments that topped the ratings. Per Se nabbed the top spot for the first time for both food and service, with diners citing an "unforgettable, transcendental gastronomic marathon" -- with an average $303 tab to match.

The ratings cellar was once again reserved for theme restaurants like American Girl Place or Hard Rock Cafe, but celebrity hangout Elaine's scraped bottom with even lower marks for service and décor.

据Zagat调查公司本周二发布的一项最新调查显示,纽约的高档餐厅如今可是生意惨淡。受经济危机和物价上涨的影响,纽约人不再像过去那样经常“下馆子”,餐饮支出也有所减少。

该调查的发起人蒂姆?扎格特说:“餐饮业已明显感到经济危机的影响。”这项已有30年历史的年度调查主要根据食客的反馈评估纽约约2000家餐厅的菜品、装修和服务。

但扎格特认为,这次餐饮业最终会度过难关,就像挺过1987年的股市崩盘和“9/11”恐怖袭击一样。

此外,调查发现,少的还不仅仅是食客,今年纽约新开张的餐馆数量自2003年来首次下跌,从去年的163家减少至119家,而三年前则为187家。

在3.8万多受访者中,近40%的人称他们为了应对眼下的经济危机,已经不经常出去吃饭,或者选择去较便宜的餐馆就餐。

Zagat调查发现,今年纽约的餐饮物价整体上涨了3.3%,大大超过过去六年所保持的1%。其中高端消费者倍受打击,价格涨幅达到了近10%。

在纽约出去吃一顿饭平均花费为40.78美元,低于全美最高的、的44.44美元,比起巴黎、东京甚至多伦多等其它国家的首都则要低得多。

调查指出,这些“鼓舞人心”的发现可以解释为什么今年纽约冒出了很多汉堡店、皮萨店和烤肉店。就连阿兰?杜卡斯和希恩-乔治四?沃格里腾这样的名厨也开起了小酒馆或拉面馆。

好消息大都关于那些在评级中名列前茅的餐馆。Per Se首次摘得菜品和服务“双科冠军”,食客们对它的评价是“令人难忘、无与伦比的美食享受”,这家餐厅的平均消费为303美元。

主题餐厅“美国女孩”和“滚石咖啡”再次垫底,但名人会所Elanie’s 的服务和装修这两项指标得分更低,排在最后一名。

经济危机:我们老百姓能做些什么?

Billions of pounds have been wiped off the value of shares after recession fears sparked panic selling across the world. The experts say there is more pain to come - and everyone will eventually feel the impact of the market downturn.

I have shares, should I worry?

If you are still holding stocks and shares in individual companies you're either a hardy soul or have been burying your head in the sand as the markets have been jittery since the start of the year. "This is fairly late in the day - nervous investors will have already moved into cash or safer investments," says Martin Bamford, an independent financial adviser at Informed Choices.

Baby

If you do hold money in the market you need to decide if it is time to crystallise your losses, or if you have the stomach to sit tight and hope for a recovery. Parents who have invested their child trust fund (CTF) voucher in the stockmarket should not be too alarmed - there are years to go before the money can be withdrawn, or in the case of a stakeholder CTF is moved to safer investments, in which time the market could recover.

I moved my money - will I be OK?

It depends where and when you moved it. Money market funds, which had traditionally been seen as a safe haven for investors, have been falling too, while commodities prices have also been dropping. Property funds are doing badly and even cash accounts, which used to be regarded as the safest of safe places to put your money, have had a bad week with the collapse of Icesave. Fixed-interest securities, which traditionally do well when stock markets fall, have failed to ignite this time round, but Bamford reckons they will bounce soon. But he adds: "There is risk in every type of asset class in a recession."

My pension is invested in the stock market. Should I be worried?

Most people start moving money into safer investments as they near retirement, so those with pensions invested in stocks and shares should still have time on their side. However, Bamford says there will be some people approaching retirement who are still exposed to the markets. "There will be people who have been completely caught out by this," he says. "They might have to reconsider their plans for retirement - the timing and their lifestyle may have to be different."

Earlier this week, Hargreaves Lansdown said the value of personal pensions had fallen by a fifth since last year. The latest wave of falls will have wiped even more off their value. However, the firm's head of pensions research, Tom McPhail, says if you have more than 10 years until retirement the best strategy "is just to ignore what is going on at the moment". He explains: "This will all have probably played out by the time you get to retirement, so you should keep paying your regular contributions to your pension."

I have an occupational pension - will I be hit?

You could be. If it is a defined contribution scheme, where the amount you receive when you retire depends on the performance of the assets in which it is invested, then you are in the same boat as anyone with a personal pension. If you are about to retire the company operating your work pension should have been moving your share of the money into safer assets, so you won't be hit too hard. If you have years to go before you finish work, then there is time for losses to be recovered.

If you have a final salary scheme, where the amount you get is linked to your earnings, then you will be insulated from the falls in the short term, says McPhail. "In the medium term it will have an impact, though. One result that we will see is final salary schemes closing at a faster rate than at the moment."

Ros Altmann, an independent pensions analyst, says most employers are likely to give up on final salary schemes: "Most of them were in deficit before the market falls, and almost all will be now." More worrying, she says, is that if your company fails and you end up having to claim your pension through the Pension Protection Fund, you will only get 90% of what you had saved.

My pension has plummeted and now I have to buy an annuity

Unless you have reached 75, at which point the rules say you have to use your fund to buy an annuity to provide you with an income, you might want to sit tight in case the market recovers. The sum of money you have with which to buy the annuity will determine how much you have to live on for the rest of your life, so you might want to wait to see if your fund recovers some of its value and you can buy a better income. The is considering suspending the rules so that those who have reached 75 can also wait.

However, McPhail warns: "The risk of not cashing in your investment is that there is no certainty that the market will recover soon." And while you wait for it to bounce back, annuity rates could fall. "If you are keeping your money in the market waiting for a recovery, then keep your eye on annuity rates too," he says.

If you are concerned, it would be wise to take advice.

I don't have shares or a pension - will I be OK?

"It's easy to see it as just problems in the financial markets, but this is going to have a knock-on effect on everybody," says Bamford. "The only questions are to what extent and how long it will take to feel the impact."

As the FTSE falls value is knocked off the UK's biggest companies, leaving them with less money to invest. Instead of expanding their businesses they could start reducing staff numbers, leading to redundancies.

Those companies do not exist in a vacuum - they do business with other firms who will also be hit if they start to rein in their spending. Workers everywhere could eventually feel the impact of the downturn.

Is there any good news?

A little. The price of oil has slumped in recent weeks, which should mean cheaper petrol and could ultimately push down gas prices. Interest rates have been cut by 0.5% this week and further cuts are likely as the Bank tries to prop up the UK economy, which is good news for the third of borrowers on tracker mortgages. And while base rate cuts are usually bad news for savers, the fact that banks and building societies are seeking cash means they are still offering attractive interest rates on deposits.

经济衰退导致的恐慌性抛售导致股票市值被抹去了数十亿英镑。专家们说,这还不算完呢--最终,每个人都会感受到市场低迷的冲击。

我是持股人,我该担心吗?

如果您手中仍有个别公司的股票,不是心理承受力特强的话,那就是从年初市场动荡的时候开始就一门心思扛了。马丁.班福特(Martin Bamford),Informed Choices公司的独立财经投资顾问说:“现在已经太晚了,稳健的投资者转成了现金或更安全的投资领域”。

如果您在市场中资金,那割肉的时候到了;或者,您有安安稳稳坐等经济恢复的本事。向儿童信托基金投资(CTF)的父母无需太过担心--离取出这些钱还有相当长的一段时间,否则,若CTF的持股人把资金转到更安全的投资项目时,市场可能已经复苏了。

我已经离市,总该没事了吧?

这要看看您把资金移到了哪里,什么时候转移的。传统上被投资者们视为安全天堂的货币基金同样在下跌,于此同时,日用品的价格也在下跌。产权基金糟透了,即使是现金账户,这个曾被认为是最安全存钱地点的地方,也因为Icesave的崩溃经历了糟糕的一周。固定利率的有价证券,传统上认为会在证券下跌时表现尚佳的它,这次却没有爆发它的小宇宙,但是班福特预计他们会很快反弹。他补充说,“在经济不景气中,任何形式的资产都有风险。”

我的退休金都投到了股市,我该担心吗?

大多数人在临近退休时把他们的投资转成了比较安全的投资方式,所以,这些把退休金投入证券和股票的人此刻仍有时间。然而,, Bamford说,部分临近退休者仍有暴露于市场危机中的风险。“有些人将完全意识到这一点,他们必须重新审议自己的退休计划--不论是在退休时间还是退休后的生活方式上都将被迫变得不同。”

本周早些时候,Hargreaves Lansdown 曾说,个人退休金的价值自去年开始已缩水了五分之一。最近几天的下跌浪潮使得缩水数值变得更大。退休金研究公司的主管汤姆.麦克菲尔(Tom McPhail)说,如果离退休尚有10年以上,那么此刻的最佳策略就是“充耳不闻”。他解释说:“等到退休金开始发放时,很可能这一切都已经过去了,所以您应该保持退休金的缴纳。”

我有一份职业养老金--这会被冲击吗?

有可能。如果这是一份界定养老金(defined contribution scheme),在这种养老金中,您的收益和基金的资产投资收益表现挂钩,就是说,您和任何同样持有个人养老金的人坐在一条船上。

麦克菲尔说,最终薪金方案( final salary scheme)中,您的收益和与收入挂钩,如果您有这项方案,就可以避免短期的下挫。“虽然在中期上仍然会有冲击。最终我们可以看到的一个结果是,在这段时间,薪金方案关闭速度要得快得多。”

罗斯.奥特曼(Ros Altmann),独立退休金分析师。他说,多数的雇员倾向于放弃最终薪金方案:“他们中的多数人在市场下挫之前就已经出现了赤字,现在几乎全部出现了赤字。”更令人担忧的事情是,如果您的公司已倒闭,并最终不得不从养老金保障基金(Pension Protection Fund)取出退休金的话,您能得到的只是所存全部金额的90%。

我的退休金暴跌,现在必须去买一份年金(annuity)了。

除非您已经75岁了,处于这种情况下,规定上说您必须用存款买一份年金以提供一份收入,您可以坐等可能出现的市场复苏。您用来买年的资金量将决定您余生赖以为生的收入,所以,也许您想等等看您的基金价值是否能回弹一些,这样您的收入就会有所改善。政府正在考虑延缓这些规定,这样,达到75岁的人群仍可等待一段时间。

然而,麦克菲尔警告说:“投资不兑现的风险在于,市场复苏的明确信号并不存在。”而在您等待经济反弹的时候,年金收益率可能已经下调了。“如果您把资金放在市场里等待复苏就一定要紧密关注年金收益率。”

如果您理解了这一点,就会知道,采纳建议是一种很聪明的方式。

我没有股票或退休金,总该安全了吧?

班福特说:“单纯的金融领域的问题易于发现,但是金融领域的问题会引起连锁反应,唯一的问题是,范围会有多大,感受到冲击需要多长时间。”

富时指数上英国大公司们市值的大跌导致他们可投资资金的减少。无须扩展市场,他们可以开始减少员工的数量,这导致裁员。

这些公司并非存在于真空中--他们与其他同样紧缩开支的公司做生意。最终所有的雇员都可以感受到市场低迷的冲击。

有什么好消息吗?

很少。近几周,石油价格暴跌,这意味着便宜的汽油,最终将导致油价下跌。本周,银行试图救市,利率下调了0.5%并有进一步下调的可能,这对贷款追踪的第三方借贷者来说是个好消息。一般来说,基本利率的下调对于储蓄者是坏消息,而银行和建筑业正寻求现金这一事件意味着他们仍将为储蓄提供诱人的利率。

求最近的英文新闻 100词左右,中英对照,下周三前要背下来,急求!!最好简单点~

2008 and the year international oil price go through climax and low tide most in the past five years. The achievement of China Petrochemical Industry is that the climax happens frequently very dangerously too in this violent fluctuation. Among them has exposed a lot of Chinese petrochemical industry enterprises in the face of the unripe fact while fluctuating at the international oil price. It has special conduction mechanisms that the oil price influences national economy. Generally speaking, oil price shock wave can produce and strike to one petrochemical industry trade of country at first, later conducted it to other trades. And the petrochemical industry is the basic industry of our country, permeate the surface widely and involving the range great characteristic. So the intensity that the petrochemical industry is assaulted has just determined the intensity that national economy is struck. China Petrochemical Industry visits the integrated energy chemical company from head to foot, has important strategic position in our national economy. Just because China's petrochemical industry has special status, while studying and analyzing problems such as the impact on economy of our country of the oil price,etc., it seems very essential to study the impact on China's petrochemical industry of the oil price. This text uses the principles and methods of economics, statistics, analyze etc. that measures the economic model through time series analysis, relevance, regard oil price as the basic variable, has compared and analysed the business performance of China's petrochemical industry between three years of 2008 and 2006. Explore the influence degree to China's petrochemical industry business performance of the oil price. Do you discuss how to avoid the oil Negative effect which the price change brings to China's petrochemical industry. Raise the dynamic role that enterprises face the change of the oil price. Keyword: Oil price, China's petrochemical industry, business performance, the time array predicts the law

物流管理库存英文文献

Beijing time 20 03:31, New York March crude oil futuresprices hit $100, this is after the January 3rd oil prices hit$100.09, second international oil prices once rushed high of $100. The NYSE data show, the March contract pricehighs of $100.10, higher than the price set a record $100.09 last time. The March contract eventually closed at $100.01, which is the crude oil futures prices closed above $100 for the first time.

下面是中文对照↓

北京时间20日03:31,纽约3月原油期货价格达到100美元,这是1月3日油价创出100.09美元之后,国际油价第二次冲上100美元高点。据纽交所数据显示,3月合约价格高点100.10美元,这个价格高出上次创出的100.09美元记录。3月合约最终收于100.01美元,这也是原油期货价格首次收于100美元上方。

自己打的然后翻译满意的话就采纳吧QUQ

2023汽油调价时间表最新

货代常用英文

货代常用英文

(一) 船代

Shipping agent 船舶代理

Handling Agent 操作代理

Booking Agent 订舱代理

Cargo Canvassing 揽货

FFF: Freight Forwarding Fee 货代佣金

Brokerage / Commission 佣金

(二)订舱

Booking 订舱

Booking Note 订舱单

Booking Number 订舱号

Dock Receipt 场站收据

M/F (Manifest ) :a manifest that lists only cargo, without freight and charges 舱单

Cable/Telex Release 电放

A Circular Letter 通告信/通知书

PIC: Person in Charge 具体负责操作人员

The said party 所涉及的一方

On Board B/L: On Board提单 A B/L in which a carrier acknowledges that goods have been placed on board a certain vessel。Used to satisfy the requirements of a L/C

Cancellation 退关箱

(三)港口

BP Base Port 基本港

Prompt release 即时放行

Transit time 航程时间 / 中转时间

Cargo availability at destination in 货物运抵目的地

Second Carrier (第)二程船

In transit 中转

Transportation hub 中转港

(四)拖车

Tractor 牵引车/拖头

Low-bed 低平板车

Trailer 拖车

Transporter 拖车

Trucking Company 车队(汽车运输公司)

Axle load 轴负荷

Tire-load 轮胎负荷

Toll Gate 收费口

(五)保税

Bonded Area 保税区

Bonded Goods ( Goods in Bond) 保税货物

Bonded Warehouse 保税库

Caged stored at bonded warehouse 进入海关监管

Fork Lift 叉车

Loading Platform 装卸平台

(六)船期

A Friday(Tuesday / Thursday)sailing 周五班

A fortnight sailing 双周班

A bi-weekly sailing 周双班

A monthly sailing 每月班

On-schedule arrival / departure 准班抵离

ETA :Estimated(Expected) Time of Arrival 预计到达时间

ETB: Estimated(Expected)Time of Berthing 预计靠泊时间

ETD Estimated(Expected) Time of Departure 预计离泊时间

The sailing Schedule/Vessels are subject to change without prior notice。 船期/船舶如有变更将不作事先通知

Closing Date:截止申报时间

Cut-off time:截关日

(七)费用

Ocean Freight 海运费

Sea Freight 海运费

Freight Rate 海运价

Charge / Fee (收)费

Dead Freight 空舱费

Dead Space: Space in a car, truck, vessel, etc., that is not utilized 亏舱

Surcharge / Additional Charge 附加费

Toll 桥/境费

Charges that are below a just and reasonable level 低于正当合理的收费

Market Price Level 市场价水平

Special Rate 特价

Rock Bottom Price 最低底价

Best Obtainable Price 市场最好价

CC Freight to Collect 到付运费

Freight Payable At Destination 到付运费

Back Freight 退货运费

Fixed Price 固定价格

Comm. Commission 佣金

Rebate 回扣/折扣

Drayage charge: made for local hauling by dray or truck 拖运费

GRI :General Rate Increase 运价上调

SGRI :Second General Rate Increase 第二次运价上调

GRD :General Rate Decrease 运价下调

TGRD :Temporary General Rate Decrease 临时运价下调

PSS :Peak Season Surcharge 旺季附加费

Wharfage: A charge assessed by a pier against freight handled over the pier 码头附加费

THC :Terminal Handling Charge 码头操作附加费

ORC :Origin Receiving Charge 始发接单费

CUC :Chassis Usage Charge 拖车运费

IAC :Inter-modal Administrative Charge(U.S. Inland Surcharge) 内陆运输附加费

DDC :Destination Delivery Charge (目的地卸货费)

OAC: Origin Accessory Charge 始发港杂费

MAF: Manifest Amendment Fee 舱单改单费

(八)

For prompt shipment 立即出运

Cargo Supplier (供)货方

Upcoming Shipment 下一载货

Same Assignment 同一批货

Nomination Cargo 指定(指派)货

Indicated / Nominated Cargo 指装货

Shipments under B/L No。XXX XXX提单货

Cargo Volume 货量

Freight Volume 货量

Reefer Cargo 冷冻货

High-value Cargo (goods) 高价货

Miss Description 虚报货名

Agreement Rate 协议运价

D & H dangerous and hazardous 危险品

(九)单证

S/O Shipping Order 托(运)单

B/L Bill of Lading 提单

B/L Copy 提单副本

OBL Ocean Bill of Lading 海运提单

HBL House Bill of Lading 无船承运人提单

TBL Through Bill of Lading 全程提单

Advanced BL Advanced Bill of lading 预借提单

Anti-Dated BL Anti-dated Bill of Lading 倒签提单

Blank BL Blank Bill of Lading 空白提单

‘To Order’B/L 指示提单

Combined Bill 并单(提单)

Separate Bill 拆单(提单)

Straight B/L: A non-negotiable B/L。the Pomerene Act governs its operation in the US。 记名提单

On Board B/L :A B/L in which a carrier acknowledges that goods have been placed on board a certain vessel。Used to satisfy the requirements of a L/C =On Board提单

Shipped B/L: A B/L issued only after the goods have actually been shipped on board the vessel,as distinguished from the received for Shipments B/L 已出运的货物提单 (On Board B/L; Shipped B/L 已装船提单 )

Received for Shipment B/L 备运提单

Transhipment B/L 转船提单

Through B/L 联运提单

Shipper(Consignee)Box 发(收)货人栏(格)

Arrival Notice 到货通知书:An advice that the carrier sends to the consignee advising of goods coming forward for delivery. Pertinent information such as BL No.,container No. and total charge due from consignee, etc, are included and sent to consignee prior to vessel arrival. This is done gratuitously by the carrier to ensure smooth delivery but there is no obligation by the carrier to do so. The responsibility to monitor the transit and present himself to take timely delivery still rests with the consignee.

M/F: Manifest document that lists in detail all the Bs/L issued by a vessel or its agent or master,ie,a detailed summary of the total cargo 舱单

Batch Filing 批量报备

Manifest Discrepancy 舱单数据不符

Acknowledgement of Manifest Receipt 收到舱单回执

Packing List 装箱单

Cargo Receipt 承运货物收据

D/R Dock Receipt 场站收据

D/O Delivery Order 交货单(小提单)

Shipper’s Export Declaration 货主出口申报单

Shipping Advice 装运通知(似舱单 NVOCC用)

Manifest information 舱单信息

FCN Freight Correction Notice 舱单更改单(通知)

Surrender O B/L copies for consignment 交回提单副本

Release Note receipt signed by customer acknowledging delivery of goods 货物收讫单

(九)Inspection-related Terms 检验相关术语

Customs Inspection 海关查验

Commodity Inspection 商品检验

Tally 理货

Tally Report 理货报告

Check 查验/检查/核对

Fumigation:熏蒸

Animal / Plant Inspection 动植物检验

INSP Inspection / Inspector 检验/检验员

Certificate of Origin ( normally issued or signed by a Chamber of

Commerce or Embassy ) (始发地)原产地证书

Arbitration 仲裁

ACH :Automated Clearing House ( part of ACS ) 自动清关

AMS :Automated Manifest System ( for anti-terrorism ) 自动舱单(反恐)申报系统

CSS :Cargo Selectivity System 货物抽验

CHB :Customs House Broker 报关行

SED :(EX-DEC) Shipper’s Export Declaration 货主出口报关单

BONDED WAREHOUSE 保税库

BONDED AREA 保税区

BONDED GOODS 保税货物

QUOTAs Quantity of one HTS item allowed to be imported at either higher or lower rate of duties. 进口配额

DDP: Delivery Duty Paid 完税

DDU: Delivery Duty Unpaid 未完税

DRAWBACK: Duties payment refunded because freight is re-exported or for similar circumstances 退税金额

Customs fine 海关罚款

Customs seals 海关关封

Application for inspection 检验申请

To expedite the clearance 加快清关

Pilferage 盗窃/偷窃

To be liable for a penalty of 受到。。。处罚

Non-fraudulent violation of the regulation 非故意违反规定

To file certifications with Customs 向海关申报有效证明

To follow the current procedure 遵循现行程序

To abide by 。。。rule 遵照。。。规定

To provide specific language 提供一定说法

To be not authorized 不予认可

(十)箱子

COC Carrier’s Own Container(CARRIER OWNED CTN) 船东自有箱

Container Cleaning 洗箱

VEN Ventilated 通风

FRZ Frozen 冰冻

HTD Heated 加热

I.D. Inside Dimension 箱内尺码

Inside Measurement 箱内尺码

TW ( TARE WEIGHT ) The weight of an empty container 箱子皮重

Container Leasing Co。 租箱公司

Equipment Exchange (Interchange) Receipt 设备交接单

Repositioning 集装箱回空

Container Leasing long-term / short-term lease 集装箱租赁 长期 / 短期

Leasing Company 租箱公司

premises for longer period than provided in Tariff 空箱滞箱费

Demurrage 重箱滞箱费

货代专业知识(r)2007-01-15 16:38货代专业知识

海运业务常用缩略语(实用版)

A/W 全水路 All Water

ANER 亚洲北美东行运费协定 Asia North America Eastbound Rate

B/L 海运提单 Bill of Lading

B/R 买价 Buying Rate

BAF 燃油附加费 Bunker Adjustment Factor

C&F 成本加海运费 COST AND FREIGHT

C.C 运费倒付 Collect

C.S.C 货柜服务费 Container Service Charge

C.Y. 货柜场 Container Yard

C/(CNEE) 收货人 Consignee

C/O 产地证 Certificate of Origin

CAF 货币汇率附加费 Currency Adjustment Factor

CFS 散货仓库 Container Freight Station

CFS/CFS 散装交货(起点/终点)

CHB 报关行 Customs House Broker

CIF 成本,保险加海运费 COST,INSURANCE,FRIGHT

CIP 运费、保险费付至目的地 Carriage and Insurance Paid To

COMM 商品 Commodity

CPT 运费付至目的地 Carriage Paid To

CTNR 柜子 Container

CY/CY 整柜交货(起点/终点)

D/A 承兑交单 Document Against Acceptance

D/O 到港通知 Delivery Order

D/P 付款交单 Document Against Payment

DAF 边境交货 Delivered At Frontier

DDC 目的港码头费 Destination Delivery Charge

DDP 完税后交货 Delivered Duty Paid

DDU 未完税交货 Delivered Duty Unpaid

DEQ 目的港码头交货 Delivered Ex Quay

DES 目的港船上交货 Delivered Ex Ship

Doc# 文件号码 Document Number

EPS 设备位置附加费 Equipment Position Surcharges

Ex 工厂交货 Work/ExFactory

F/F 货运代理 Freight Forwarder

FAF 燃料附加费 Fuel AdjustmentFactor

FAK 各种货品 Freight All Kind

FAS 装运港船边交货 Free Alongside Ship

FCA 货交承运人 Free Carrier

FCL 整柜 Full Container Load

Feeder Vessel/Lighter 驳船航次

FEU 40‘柜型 Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit 40’

FMC 联邦海事委员会 Federal Maritime Commission

FOB 船上交货 Free On Board

GRI 全面涨价 General RateIncrease

H/C 代理费 Handling Charge

HBL 子提单 House B/L

I/S 内销售 Inside Sales

IA 各别调价 Independent Action

L/C 信用证 Letter of Credit

Land Bridge 陆桥

LCL 拼柜 Less Than Container Load

M/T 尺码吨(即货物收费以尺码计费) Measurement Ton

MB/L 主提单 Master Bill Of Loading

MLB 小陆桥,自一港到另一港口 Minni Land Bridge

Mother Vessel 主线船

MTD 多式联运单据 Multimodal Transport Document

N/F 通知人 Notify

NVOCC 无船承运人 Non Vessel OperatingCommon Carrier

O/F 海运费 Ocean Freight

OBL 海运提单 Ocean (or original )B/L

OCP 货主自行安排运到内陆点 Overland Continental Point

OP 操作 Operation

ORC 本地收货费用(广东省收取) Origen Recevie Charges

P.P 预付 Prepaid

PCS 港口拥挤附加费 Port Congestion Surcharge

POD 目地港 Port Of Destination

POL 装运港 Port Of Loading

PSS 旺季附加费 Peak Season Sucharges

S/(Shpr) 发货人 Shipper

S/C 售货合同 Sales Contract

S/O 装货指示书 Shipping Order

S/R 卖价 Selling Rate

S/S Spread Sheet Spread Sheet

SC 服务合同 Service Contract

SSL 船公司 Steam Ship Line

T.O.C 码头操作费 Terminal Operations Option

T.R.C 码头收柜费 Terminal Receiving Charge

T/S 转船,转运 Trans-Ship

T/T 航程 Transit Time

TEU 20‘柜型 Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit 20’

THC 码头操作费(香港收取) Terminal Handling Charges

TTL 总共 Total

TVC/ TVR 定期定量合同 Time Volume Contract/ Rate

VOCC 船公司 Vessel Operating Common Carrier

W/M 即以重量吨或者尺码吨中从高收费 Weight or Measurement ton

W/T 重量吨(即货物收费以重量计费) Weight Ton

YAS 码头附加费 Yard Surcharges

各类附加费缩写简析

1、BAF 燃油附加费,大多数航线都有,但标准不一。

2、SPS 上海港口附加费(船挂上港九区、十区)

3、FAF 燃油价调整附加费(日本航线专用)

4、YAS 日元升值附加费(日本航线专用)

5、GRI 综合费率上涨附加费,一般是南美航线、美国航线使用

6、DDC、IAC 直航附加费,美加航线使用

7、IFA 临时燃油附加费,某些航线临时使用

8、PTF 巴拿马运河附加费,美国航线、中南美航线使用

9、ORC 本地出口附加费,和SPS类似,一般在华南地区使用

10、EBS、EBA 部分航线燃油附加费的表示方式,EBS一般是澳洲航线使用,EBA一般 是非洲航线、中南美航线使用

11、PCS 港口拥挤附加费,一般是以色列、印度某些港口及中南美航线使用

12、PSS 旺季附加费,大多数航线在运输旺季时可能临时使用

急!求英文的关于石油的新闻~

2023年油价第一调会在1月3日(周二),也是今年的第一个工作日。

另外值得注意的是,根据国家能源局《2022年能源工作指导意见》,2023年1月1日起全国将全面供应国VIB(国六B)标准车用汽油。

据悉,国VIB汽油,是国VIA汽油基础上,对汽油质量提出了更高的要求。此次油品升级为国VIB,主要体现是汽油烯烃含量限值进一步加严,由国VIA的不大于18%(体积分数)降到不大于15%。

汽油:

汽油的英文名为Gasoline(美)/Petrol(英),外观为透明液体,可燃,馏程为30℃至220℃,主要成分为C5~C12脂肪烃和环烷烃类,以及一定量芳香烃,汽油具有较高的辛烷值(抗爆震燃烧性能),并按辛烷值的高低分为90号、93号、95号、97号等牌号。

汽油通过石油炼制得到的直馏汽油组分、催化裂化汽油组分、催化重整汽油组分等不同汽油组分经精制后与高辛烷值组分经调和制得,主要用作汽车点燃式内燃机的燃料。

涨价的英文

原文,。

油价的适时下调,既是为长假的私家车主节省了一笔开支,为他们献上一礼,更是维护了成品油价机制实施办法的威信,向市场机制再迈一步。

国家发展改革委近日发出通知,决定自9月30日零时起将汽、柴油价格每吨均下调190元,测算到零售价格90号汽油和0号柴油?全国平均 每升约分别降低0.14元和0.16元。这是今年以来,中国成品油价格的第七次调整。

在经过上次的延迟上涨之后,发改委此次如约对成品油价进行了下调,虽然小于市场预期的降幅,但是这个及时的调整既使得外界对成品油价的机制不在过度反应,也使得国庆长假出行的私家车主可以节省一笔资金,为新中国60周年大庆献上一礼。这个调整既维护了成品油价机制实施办法的威信,也顺应了市场的要求。

我们注意到,受经济复苏前景不明朗、石油库存高企等因素影响,国际市场油价出现一定程度的回落,国际油价标杆纽约商品交易所11月交货的原油期货合约报价跌破66美元/桶,最低报价只有65.41美元/桶,而9月2日我国上一次调节国内成品油价格之时,布伦特、迪拜、辛塔三地基准原油22日移动均价为71.52美元/桶,降幅已经达到了《办法》的调整要求。

实际上,自上次国内油价上调以来,国内市场的油价就开始出现下调的情形。以西南地区为例,此前这边的油价一直是国内市场最紧俏的,但是自9月2日上调油价后,成品油批发市场价格便开始下跌。9月25日,成都地区90号汽油批发价为6300元/吨左右,0号柴油为6100元/吨左右,较规定的最高批发价标准,每吨最高低了1000多元。而处于农业大省的河南在经过粮食收割的高峰之后,也迅速的出现的下降趋势,与9月2日相比,中石化的93号汽油批发价每吨已下跌约250元;0号柴油每吨降了320元。可见国内市场的需求已经无法对原油价格的上涨提供支持。下调已经是一个必然的走向。

Lower oil prices in a timely manner, both for the private owners of vacation expenses while saving for their ceremony, presented a more refined oil price mechanism for the maintenance of the prestige of the implementation of measures to the market mechanism and then step by step.

National Development and Reform Commission recently issued a circular, decided at 12:00 on September 30 with effect from gasoline and diesel prices are down 190 yuan per ton, calculated to the retail price of 90 # gasoline and 0 # diesel oil ? liter is about the national average decreased 0 .14 yuan and 0.16 yuan. This is the year, China's refined oil prices in the seventh revision.

After the last delay increases, the Development and Reform Commission this say about the finished product prices were down, although the decline is less than market expectations, but this time not only makes the adjustment mechanism of the outside of the finished product price is not over-react, but also making the National Day holiday travel in a private car owners can save a sum of money for the 60th anniversary of New China, presented a ceremony of Daqing. This adjustment not only safeguard the oil price mechanism for refined approach to the implementation of the prestige, but also conforms to market requirements.

We note that the uncertainty of economic recovery, high oil inventories and other factors, international market, oil prices a certain degree of drop in international oil price benchmark New York Mercantile Exchange, November crude oil futures contract for delivery in pricing below 66 U.S. dollars / barrel The minimum bid is only 65.41 U.S. dollars / barrel, while September 2 last adjustment of China's domestic refined oil price, the Brent, Dubai, Cinta three benchmark crude oil averaged 22, moving 71.52 U.S. dollars / barrels, a decline has reached the "measures" regulatory requirements.

In fact, since the last increase in domestic oil prices since the domestic market, oil prices began to drop the case. To the southwest, for example, after side of the domestic market price of oil has been the most tight, but the rise since September 2 after the price of oil, refined oil wholesale market prices began to fall. September 25, Chengdu 90 # gasoline wholesale price 6300 yuan / ton, No. 0 diesel 6100 yuan / ton, higher than the maximum wholesale price of standard below 1,000 yuan per ton, the highest. While in the agricultural province of Henan after the peak of the harvest of grain, after the emergence of rapidly declining trend, as compared with the September 2, Sinopec's 93 wholesale price of gasoline has fallen by about 250 yuan per ton; 0 # diesel oil dropped by 320 yuan per ton. Can see that the needs of the domestic market has been unable to crude oil prices to provide support. Reduction is an inevitable trend.

《心灵捕手》中天才应聘那段台词.要英文的.

涨价的英文是 "price increase"。

涨价是指商品、服务、资产等价格在一段时间内上涨的现象。价格的涨价通常是由市场供求关系的影响导致的,当需求超过供应时,价格就会上涨,而当供应超过需求时,价格就会下降。涨价还可能由生产成本上升、货币贬值等因素引起。涨价会影响到消费者的购买力,从而影响到整个经济系统。

在某些情况下,政府可能会采取措施来控制价格的上涨,以保护消费者的利益和维持经济的稳定。涨价对消费者和商家都会产生不同程度的影响。对于消费者而言,涨价可能会导致其购买力下降,购买商品或服务的数量减少,储蓄受到影响等。此外,涨价可能会导致通货膨胀的加剧,从而影响整个市场和经济。

对于商家而言,涨价可能会导致其生产成本的增加,从而降低其盈利。此外,涨价可能会导致消费者减少购买,生产销售降速,导致经济增长放缓。不过,在某些情况下,商家也可能因为市场供求关系的变化而获得更高的利润。

包含price increase的句子

1、The price increase of oil has led to a surge in gas prices around the world。(油价上涨导致了全球各地的天然气价格飙升。)

2、The price of milk has been on a steady rise due to increasing demands from China。 (牛奶的价格由于中国的需求量增加,已经稳步上升。)

3、The hotel has announced a price increase for its rooms during the peak season。 (酒店宣布在旅游高峰期间提高客房的价格。)

4、The recent price increase of the stock has led to many investors selling their shares for a higher profit。(最近股票价格的上涨导致许多投资者以更高的利润出售了自己的股票。)

求篇英文文章:美国经济危机对中国的影响,六千字

威尔:我为何不为国安局做事?很难的问题。让我想想,若我做了,国安局会给我破解不了的密码,或许我试了,也破解了,我很满意,因为表现良好,但也许那个密码是位于北非或中东的叛军位置,你们发现后轰炸叛军隐藏身地,陌生的一千五百人因此丧命,然后政客派特战部队防守该区,你们才不在乎,因为被射杀的不是你们的子女,因为他们都加入了后备部队,而那边中弹的南区孩子回国后发现他以前工作的工厂被移转到他去打仗的国家,害了他中弹的敌人抢了他的饭碗,因为那个人一天的工资不到一元。最后他发现他会上战场,是为了得到该国家的廉价原油,好让石油公司利用战争恐慌抬高国内油价,小赚一番,但两块五一加仑有个屁用?他们得花时间吧石油运回国或许还请了一个酗酒船长,他爱喝马丁尼,跟冰山玩滑雪,不久他撞上了冰山,原油外漏,杀光北大西洋的海洋生物,现在我朋友失业,也开不起车,他走路去面谈,很难受,因为炮弹片让他慢性出血,他很饿,因为每次想吃东西,唯一的特餐是北大西洋鳕鱼。所以,我会怎么想?我有更好的点子。我干脆射杀朋友算了,把工作给敌人,提高油价,轰炸村庄,打小海豹,吸食大麻,加入后备部队,我还可因此被选为总统。

复制的 和你说一声

美国经济危机对中国的影响

主要是对资本市场的冲击;对我国外汇储备缩水的影响,进而影响国内部分金融机构的业绩。如果我国持有的一些美国公司的债券并且该美国公司面临倒闭,不言而喻,这部分借款面临无法收回的风险,毕竟有一些债券是无抵押债券,因此,相关部门就该相应地计提相关损失。

我国历年持有国外债券的比率不足国际投资总头寸资产的10%。如果把贷款也考虑其中,这一利率为13.5%(2007年),17.9%(2006年),15.4%(2005年),16.2%(2004年)。国际头寸资产中主要还是以外汇为主。分别占头寸总资产比重为66.8%(2007年),64.9%(2006年),67%(2005年),65.6%(2004年)。国际投资的资产负债率分别是35.6%(2007年),38.6%(2006年),39.6%(2005年),40.7%(2004年)。综合以上数据,说明我国对带外汇储备的管理一直保持着谨慎和稳健的投资态度,始终贯彻执行合理有效的风险管理。因此,我们认为美国信贷危机的爆发,即使有国美大投行的倒闭对我国外汇储备影响是相对有限的。但是如果考虑到美元因素的话,我国外汇储备受到美元等贬值因素的影响比较大,毕竟我国外汇绝大多数是外汇形式存在。

同时,国内一部分银行也持有的美国此类公司债务。因此,目前我们需要了解国内外汇储备中的债券所占比率以及外管局所持有的债务类别等情况以及国内部分银行所持有的美国乃至欧洲国家的债券数额和债券的属性。

另一点值得我们注意的是:如果国外投行的倒闭清算时,毕竟会将其全球投资组合中的资产头寸进行结算,如果我国的金融资产是其投资组合的一部分,那么这部分金融资产的抛售势必又加剧了国内资本市场的紧张局势,最近港股市场的大跌就应该于此有很大的关系。值得庆幸的是,我国资本市场对外开放程度不高,相信受此影响不会很大,多为心理上的冲击而已。

目前65家QFII实际规模为106.7亿美元,如果未来雷曼正式破产清算,则对于其所持股票的处理将会对部分个股产生冲击。

如果考虑到QFII所重仓的股票多为优质股票,如果公司基本面未发生变化且遭到QFII大量抛售的话,相信对投资者来说是不错的介入时机,上周中国中铁的走势就说明部分资金本着“人弃我取”投资策略入住中国中铁H股和A股。

●间接影响:

主要是对我国实体经济的冲击;美国次债危机演变成美国的经济危机,而且号称“百年一遇”的经济危机,对美国这样一个国家经济的冲击是非常巨大的。同时,欧元区经济体经济同样会受到严重冲击。而我国虽然金融市场并未全面开放,但我国的经济目前对外依存度高达60%,而国内出口最大的就是欧元区和美国等经济发达国家。如果对外出口国家经济出现大幅下滑,其国际需求的大幅下降势必影响到我国的出口,而国内月度出口数据正说明此趋势。然而,我国经济的一大特点就是出口拉动国内投资,从而推动国内GDP高速增长,如果出口出现了问题,那么国内固定资产投资必定会受到影响,国内经济毫无疑问会出现较大幅度的回落。表面上看,我国GDP仍有很大提升空间,因为我国内需还尚未充分激活,未来通过扩大国内消费来刺激经济发展的潜力还很大。但是目前看这一经济发展趋势还需要较长的时间。

原因一:我国产业结构决定我国目前仍处于世界工厂的地位,处于给西方发达国家“打工”这么一个状态。目前看我国“打工”这块收入-即未来出口这块收入受到冲击显而易见。同时,有数据表明,我国目前的经济增长对西方发达国家经济的弹性比较大,西方发达国家经济小幅增长就会拉动我国经济较大幅度增长;反之,西方国家经济小幅回落势必对目前国内经济有较大负面影响。而美国和欧元区是中国的贸易顺差主要来源,一旦西方发达经济体出现衰退,可想而知对中国出口会造成比较大的打击。

原因二:刺激国内内需以拉动我国GDP增长时机未到。目前我国人均可支配收入还比较低,没有到达随意享受生活的条件,尤其在高通胀时期的经济敏感时期,盲目刺激国内内需更是不明智的;

原因三:国内产业升级以及产业结构调整是需要时间的;

原因四:国内有些行业目前可能面临生产过剩的尴尬局面。即使前期国内货币政策出现松动,也只是缓解部分企业的“燃眉之急”的局面,但未来短期内大幅向市场或者实体经济注入资金的货币政策可能不会出台。

综合以上,我们判断,我国经济会在此次美国经济危机导致的全球经济增速减缓甚至负增长时会出现较大幅度的回落,如果考虑到国内目前房地产行业低迷现状,相信我国经济回落可能会持续较长时间。

08年以来至今,国家上半年对控制国内通货膨胀局面制定众多政策,但似乎对房地产行业并未给予重点“关注”。原因应该是多方面的:一,政府“期盼”已久的房地产价格终于有所回落,属于良性回调并尚在可控范围内;二,从上半年出台的几个针对房市的政策,我们可以看到,政府对房地产行业的“暧昧”态度,一方面不希望房价大跌,一方面又“不太好意思”出面抑制房价的下跌的政策,只能从给老百姓减负,如提高个税起征点;停征个体的工商户管理费和集贸市场管理费等。可以看出政府开始给中国老百姓减负,也就是设法变向地提高老百姓的可支配收入-这一重要环节上。当然,这对稳定我国楼市起到至关重要的作用,会起到激活我国房地产行业刚性需求,有利于我国房地产市场的稳定。从而稳定中国金融市场乃至实体经济的稳定。 1.中国经济增长速度放缓趋势明显。

中国今明两年经济增速放缓将成为大势所趋,出口以及固定资产投资增速回落是必然趋势。据亚洲开发银行16日发布的年度报告《2008年亚洲发展展望更新》预计,中国经济增速将从2007年的11.9%回落到2008年的10%;2009年中国经济增速将进一步回落至9.5%。主要原如下,

①由于美国经济增长放缓,出口增长减速远超出预期;

②通货膨胀率升高的趋势将使政府采取更严厉的紧缩货币政策,固定资产投资增速放缓、企业倒闭潮出现,工业利润增长大幅放缓;

③信贷紧缩下房地产市场降温,可能出现比2008年更为严重的危机;

④宏观调控下,房地产、钢材、水泥、铝合金和汽车产业投资增速回落;

⑤每年1000万个新就业岗位完成很困难。农民工回农村种地回潮,农村隐性失业大量增加;

⑥由于明年油价和电价可能会进一步上调带来PPI继续上升的传导因素,2008年中国全年CPI涨幅预测值从先前的5.5%上调至7%。2009年预测值从2008年4月的5%上调到5.5%;

⑦居民消费增长速度下降,靠消费拉动经济增长等于“画饼充饥”。收入的不稳定性增大、股市的负财富效应、城乡居民收入差距进一步拉大等原因使居民的消费欲望受到抑制。

●美国经济危机对中国银行业的影响。

央行的货币政策陷入“左右为难”的境地。

目前,在“保增长”和“控制通货膨胀”之间,央行的货币政策“左右为难”。在全球经济危机下,中国的经济增长受到抑制,增长率放缓是必然的,但在连续10年的高速增长下的“急刹车”会是一大批企业倒闭和就业的困难,影响社会稳定和谐。但放松货币政策又使已经比较严重的PPI和CPI更加泛滥成灾。15日宣布的“两率”下调市场并不领情就是证明。同样,人民币对美元是继续升值或是贬值也是“两难”选择。

经营效益增长出现困难

主要原因:

①在经济下滑状态下,银行的业务拓展空间变窄;

②在居民收入不稳定性加大和货币紧缩政策下,存款大量增加与贷款增量减少的矛盾突出,加上贷款基准利率下调0.27个百分点;

③经济下滑带来的行业、企业破产倒闭,银行不良贷款反弹压力很大(比如房地产贷款下面专门分析);

④资产泡沫破裂后,银行的抵押物大量缩水,贷款的抵押率超过“警戒线”,第二还款来源丧失。如房地产抵押、土地抵押、股票质押的贷款最为明显;

⑤持有美国次级债或对美国破产公司的贷款造成的损失。如中国银行集团共持有雷曼兄弟控股公司及其子公司发行的债券7,562万美元;工商银行对雷曼公司贷款5000万美元;招商银行对雷曼贷款8000万美元;

⑥中国商业银行在2008年在海外的收购及投资因危机加重,过去的“抄底”行为变成了现在的“垫背”结果。按照高盛的预测,2009年香港H股中资银行的获利大约下降4%-8%;规模较小的股份制A股银行获利下降幅度更达到8%-13%。

各国央行任何救市行为都会“失灵”。

就在最近两天,以美联储为首的全球央行和金融监管当局各显神通,为金融体系注入超过3000亿美元的流动性。美联储过去两天连续通过回购协议向市场注资1200亿美元,这是“911”以来最大规模的注资行动。在美国之后,欧元区、英国、日本、澳大利亚以及瑞士等多个央行也连续采取注资措施。在亚洲,中国大陆和台湾都先后宣布下调存款准备金率或是贷款利率,印尼则宣布下调隔夜回购利率。

但各国央行的努力没有马上收到成效,道指、标普500指数、纳指、欧洲股市、伦敦股市全线下跌沪深A股金融股抛压沉重,沪指的十年成本线也岌岌可危。在投资者的信心跌到“冰点”之后,任何的救市措施都会在沉重的抛压之下,变成“昙花一现”的“绿色风景”。但需要积极的财政政策,今天的印花税单边征收就是较好的救市行为。在投资者信心丧失后,最好是彻底取消印花税。

●.美国经济危机对中国房地产行业的影响

在全球经济危机带来的经济下滑趋势中,中国房地产行业的真正“冬天”和银行不良贷款风险将在2008年末与2009上半年开始显现。未来房产业的成交量持续下滑、购房者信心减弱和持币观望、空房率持续增加与毛利率下降,将导致开发商遭遇现金流的困扰,银行业中的房地产不良贷款风险将大为提高。

根据高盛从银行向65家房产商贷放记录分析来看,从去年10月楼市调整以来,开发商现金流不足现象,就已逐渐暴露出来;但开发商仍以较高的利率,从国内外的私人投资者吸引了资金。为了筹集现金,国内大牌明星房地产开发商万科、恒大等都在竞相降价销售,明显看出珠三角城市的房价已陷入下降趋势,尤其是同比下降较多的三个城市是深圳、广州与惠州。中国政府机构在16日表示,8月追踪70个城市的房价指数首度较前月下滑,上海地区下跌了0.2%。目前,中国各地房价下跌现象越来越普遍,房地产投资进一步萎缩。

此外,曾踊跃投资上海房地产的摩根士丹利,如今却要抛售部份最顶尖的豪宅,最近大摩旗下的房地产基金将两栋上海豪宅标售,包括新天地超过100间的商务住宅。此外,大摩原本有兴趣买下上海最高楼--上海环球金融中心的楼层,而后也作罢。结合美国的“经济危机”来看,大摩标售中国房地产有可能是为潜在的流动性危机做准备,它可能也预示着部分外资开始准备撤出中国房地产市场,这将对本在严冬中的中国房地产市场“雪上加霜”--先是开发商面临偿付能力危机,其后是实力不济的房地产开发商倒闭,进而殃及国内银行。

●美国经济危机对中国钢市的影响

就以刚刚发生的金融事件来说,美联储、欧洲央行、英国央行和瑞士央行16日共向金融系统注入超过1800亿美元的资金,以缓解流动性不足。然而缓解毕竟只是缓解,危机已经发生,其对世界经济的消极影响却正在扩大化。以房地产为首的各行各业都面临着生产和需求的下滑,对钢材需求将会出现极大的萎缩。

统计显示,作为全球第一大钢材生产国和钢材出口国,2006年中国的钢材出口量达到了4300万吨,2007年达到了6264万吨,而2008年1-8月份,钢材出口4184万吨,同比减少325万吨,下降7.2%。一旦钢材出口受到世界钢材需求极具萎缩影响,必将会把中国国内钢材产能“供过于求”的程度推升到一个新的高度,届时国内钢材行业将会面临一个长期的下滑局面。

国际经济危机对中国钢材的影响不仅仅体现在打击出口,在中国加入WTO以后,中国的经济也越来越全球化。世界经济的衰退,也必将极大的影响中国经济的发展势头。今年上半年,为了抑制通货膨胀,政府的政策是收紧货币流动性。而在国际经济危机对中国经济的抑制作用越来越大的的时候,政府又开始逐渐放宽货币政策。

几乎是在美国三大投资银行一个被收购,一个宣告破产,另一个则出现破产告急,引起美国政府800亿美元的注资同时,国内央行的“加息行动”终于因势而变。9月15日, 央行宣布,9月16日起,下调一年期人民币贷款基准利率0.27个百分点,其他期限档次贷款基准利率按照短期多调、长期少调的原则作相应调整,存款基准利率保持不变。9月25日起,除中国工商银行、中国农业银行、中国银行、中国建设银行、交通银行和邮政储蓄银行暂不下调外,其他存款类金融机构人民币存款准备金率下调1个百分点,汶川地震重灾区地方法人金融机构存款准备金率下调2个百分点。

与以往一样,政府政策的调整只是因应经济发展变化的需要。此前的加息行动是为了防止经济过热,此次降息将是为了防止经济出现衰退。短短半年的时间,政策变化的如此明显,可见中央已经预感到此次国际经济危机对中国的巨大影响。

所以笔者断言,既然此次国际经济危机对中国的影响巨大,而中央需要通过数次上调两率才能一直经济过热的发生,那么也必将需要数次下调,才能度过愈演愈烈的经济危机。

对于中国国内钢材的生产、销售和需求来说,“两率”的下调无疑是一件利好。但由于下游房产、家电、机械制造等等钢材需求行业的萎靡,“两率”的下调几乎可以忽略不计。众所周知,近期全国各地的房地产价格都出现了明显的下跌,而下跌通道一旦形成,想要在短时间内恢复市场信心,则是一件非常困难的事情。在国际经济危机的影响下,中国国内无论是开发商、炒房客,还是购房百姓,都会对房产投资再三审慎。那些整天嚷嚷着救市的开发商和炒房客的唯一目的就是“解套”,继续追加投资是不可能的事情。这很有可能造成中国房地产业相当长一段时间的低迷。

除了房地产行业以外,中国的出口型经济也会受到相当严重的影响。今年中央提出要把中国的“出口拉动型”经济转变为“内需拉动型”经济,但毕竟目前中国是“出口拉动型”经济。可以预见到,如果目前国际正在发生的经济危机真的演变成1923年的“大萧条”,那些以出口为主中国企业必将受到沉重打击。

我们都知道,钢材的需求涉及到各行各业,几个主要行业的萎缩对钢材需求的影响之大可想而之。所以笔者认为,在国际经济危机的大背景之下,中国钢铁业将会面临一到两年的萧条时期。

●美国经济危机对中国航运业的影响

航运业整体为周期性行业,近些年航运市场高点使得船东增加了大量的船舶订单,即使不考虑需求下降,都足以让航运业进入下行周期,而基于中金宏观组对中国和全球经济未来更加看淡,我们认为航运市场的盛宴已经过去,08年将为周期的顶点。干散货市场:由于订单量巨大,将面临3-4年的下行周期,目前预计09-10年平均BDI为5000和3000点。油轮市场:未来三年的下行周期只在2010年可能会有所反弹,成品油轮运价下行幅度将略好于原油轮。集运市场:在09年将继续低迷,2010年是否能够走出低谷尚取决于欧美经济走势。给予航运股整体“跑输大盘”评级,未来建议“回避强周期,区间交易弱周期”,四季度季节性旺季带来股价反弹将是出货机会。我们将中国远洋、长航油运、中海发展和中海集运盈利预测不同程度下调,同时将中海发展和中远航运评级从“推荐”下调至“审慎推荐”,中国远洋和长航油运评级分别从“推荐”和“审慎推荐”下调至“中性”。